8D04101 – Economics

Code and name:

8D04101 «Economics»

Passage of accreditation (year of passage, period of passage):

–

Training period:

3 years

The awarded academic degree:

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on educational program 8D04101 «Economics»

Sphere of professional activity:

social sciences and business

Objects of professional activity:

research institutes, higher educational institutions, commercial and business structures; the divisions of foreign economic activity, expert and consulting companies, departments of state and non government institutions.

Subject of professional activity:

organization of solving of typical problems in various fields of professional economic activity; organization and improvement of the economic activities of the organization, the organization of the educational process of doctoral students using innovative methods and tools.

Types of professional activity:

educational, research, organizational, managerial, technological, socio-economic.

Exam questions for OP 8D04101-Economics

In a competitive environment, the firm makes a profit in the short term, and in the long term, explain why it has no economic benefit
Indicate the barriers in the monopoly market when entering and exiting the industry, make explanations.
Explain the concept of price discrimination and consider what advantages a firm might gain by applying it
Make a comparison of the market of perfect competition and the market of monopoly on the main features
Indicate the advantages and disadvantages of the monopoly market, reveal its negative impact on society.
Compare the characteristics of monopoly markets, mature competition and monopolistic competition
List the stages of Macroeconomic Analysis
Explain the essence of the concepts” market demand “and” market supply”.
Expand the concept and types of elasticity of demand
Describe the main types of macroeconomic indicators
List the factors that affect the elasticity of demand by price.
Expand the essence of the concept of income elasticity of demand. Specify product properties related to revenue flexibility..
Explain the components of macroeconomic elements in an open economic system.
State the causes of shortages and surpluses in the market. Give examples.
List and describe production costs and their types.
Describe the law of decreasing productivity
Uncover the essence, functions of money and its purchasing power
Formulate the definition of gross domestic product. Highlight the features of nominal and real GDP.
Name the components that make up aggregate demand. The aggregate demand curve (AD) has a negative tilt, name its causes and explain the mechanisms of its influence
List the price and non-price factors influencing the change in aggregate demand
Explain the essence of classical macroeconomic equilibrium
Describe the sectoral and sectoral structures of the economy
Define the business cycle. Explain the reasons for economic cyclicality. Describe the stages of the business cycle
Expand the concept of “inflation”, consider the types of inflation. State the causes and consequences of inflation.
Define unemployment, consider types of unemployment. Focus on the causes and socio-economic consequences of unemployment
Expand the essence of accumulation, its sources and forms. Specify the main reasons for household savings.
Uncover the essence of economic development and economic balance
Define the concept of investment in macroeconomics, name the types. List the factors that affect the dynamics and instability of investments, and explain the mechanisms of their impact
Establish the relationship between investment and savings in the market of goods. Describe the mechanism of formation of equality in commodity markets.
Explain the activities of the securities market.
Explain the costs in the short and long term
Expand the essence of the concept of “economic growth” and its factors. Describe models of economic growth.
Explain the purpose and tools of the state’s monetary policy.
Name the functions of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Tell us about the types of exchange rates and the factors that affect them. Focus on the purpose of monetary policy
Reveal the essence and forms of credit
Describe the functions of finance
Present “novelty and originality” as the main feature of scientific research
Show specific requirements for science as a knowledge system
Reveal the general, particular methodology and methodological techniques in relation to the term “methodology”
Indicate the stages of the scientific research process, open them
Describe the main stages of hypothesis building
Expand the essence, types and functions of knowledge
Describe summary and grouping of data
Present the methodological requirements for conducting scientific research
List the objects of socio-economic forecasting
List the features of scientific research from the perspective of modern methodology of science
Expand the essence of system analysis and describe its stages
Reveal the essence of knowledge
Provide proof in the context of scientific research
Expand the essence of the method of forecasting socio-economic phenomena.
Introduce inductive and deductive methods
Describe the advantages of inter-plant comparative analysis
Describe the methods of elimination in economic analysis
Characterize the advantages of financial analysis
Uncover the essence of systems analysis
Imagine the stages of systems analysis
Expand the essence of the method of relative and average values
Describe the features of an index method in an economy
Characterize the mathematical methods of analysis
Present an absolute and comparative justification
Expand the essence of the method of mathematical statistics in research in the field of economics
Describe the tabular method of displaying statistical data. Give examples of statistical tables
Imagine a stock management system as a mathematical method of solving economic problems
Describe the main steps in a system analysis
Describe the balance method of research in economics
Describe the philosophical, logical, methodological and epistemological foundations of the systems approach.
Describe the problem of classification of sciences as a problem of the structure of all scientific knowledge
Imagine the main stages of inter-plant analysis
Set in the financial analysis models the relationship between the main indicators. Justify the answer.
Explore the concepts of outflow and inflow of income based on the income-expense model. Accompany your answer with examples..
Identify the features of the method for calculating the gross domestic product by costs, focusing on what costs of economic agents are taken into account when calculating it
Identify the features of the method for calculating the gross domestic product by income, focusing on what incomes of economic agents are taken into account when calculating it
Explain the essence, application, and calculation methodology of the GDP deflator.
Plot the production possibilities curve on a graph and explain the purpose of its use.
Describe the methods of macroeconomic analysis to explain the impact of changes in interest rates on investment levels
Apply microeconomics concepts to evaluate consumer behavior when prices change
Draw a graph of the balance between consumer and producer. Make explanations on the mechanism of formation of conditions for market equilibrium.
Explain the essence of the hypothesis about the rational behavior of people
Explain the theory of consumer behavior as the basis of demand theory.
Explain the income effect and the substitution effect..
Draw a diagram of a firm exiting an industry in a perfectly competitive market. Explain the answer.
Give examples of the application of elasticity theory in practice
Describe the markets of perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly, and explain their distinctive features
List and compare methods for measuring gross domestic product
Identify the macroeconomic implications of net domestic product, national income, individual income, and disposable income. Describe the methods of their calculation.
Consider the methodology for calculating private, public and external savings. Accompany your answer with examples.
Consider positive and negative aggregate supply shocks. Show the changes taking place in the AD-AS model using the example of factors that cause macroeconomic shocks.
Explain the essence of the business cycle
Explain the relationship between unemployment and inflation using the Phillips curve
Classify types of inflation and consider their causes and consequences
Create a general equilibrium model and analyze the factors influencing its achievement
Create a graphical model of equilibrium in the labor market and analyze the factors influencing unemployment
Identify the relationship between interest rate and investment. Perform it by the algebraic method and the graphical method
Describe Okun’s law. Identify the relationship that exists between unemployment and GDP according to this law.
Using the savings and investment function, draw the IS curve and consider the value of the IS curve.
Plot the IS curve using the Keynes cross. Identify Factors Affecting IS Curve Shift
Budget-the purpose and means of tax policy. Focus on the specifics of implementing a stimulating and restraining budget and tax policy in the event of cyclical fluctuations in the economy and determine their possible consequences
Reveal the essence of the exchange rate. Explain Purchasing Power Parity
Explain the essence of the Baumol-Tobin model used in money market analysis
Consider the prerequisites, factors of the model of economic growth of the representative of the neoclassical school R. Solow
Reveal the macroeconomic essence of the country’s balance of payments, explain the relationship between its structure and sections
Methods for calculating Lerner and Hirschmann-Herfindal indices specify and explain the meanings
Explain how fiscal and monetary policies affect output and the exchange rate.
Describe the money supply, the monetary base and the monetary multiplier, and indicate how they are calculated
Highlight the main types of scientific knowledge in the general structure of knowledge
Discover the levels of cognition: sensual and rational
Identify the features of the market business model. Answer with examples
Classify research levels
Classify hypothesis types
Classify types of evidence
Classify types of economic analysis
Classify statistical observation
Describe the financing and material support of scientific research as effective tools for managing the development of science
Classify economic and mathematical methods
Define the basis of knowledge
Reveal the features of science, define its basic concepts
Define the types of models where the economy aims to describe, explain and anticipate the facts while guiding the actions
Identify the factors for identifying best practices that make up the reliability of a scientifically sound base
Reveal the methodological principle: a concrete historical approach to the problem under study
Compare natural and modeling approaches in economic research
Compare structural and functional approaches to the study of economics. Accompany your answer with examples.
Compare integrated and systemic approaches Compare groups of methods of scientific research in economics: general and specific
Identify design directions for system research
Describe the non-positive empirical approach
Define truth as social and personal value
Describe the methods of scientific research in economics
Describe argumentation theory
Identify the features of absolute and comparative justification. Accompany your answer with examples.
Describe the hypothesis after clarification, correction as a law
Check the approaches based on philosophical methods
Compare the types of argumentation: empirical and theoretical
Group common methods of cognition, describe them
Characterize inductive and deductive methods
Compare analysis and synthesis as methods of scientific cognition
Describe the practical significance of the concept
Identify the main problems of the logic of science and make an analysis of the structure of science
Identify levels of methodological knowledge and describe them
Discuss the application of research methods at the empirical and theoretical levels. Answer with examples
Identify methods specific to empirical research. Answer with examples
Conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies applied at different exchange rates
Methods of bridging the balance-of-payments deficit. Express your opinion on the need for balance-of-payments
Explain the importance of monetary, fiscal, and monetary policy measures taken to regulate foreign trade.
Present your opinions on Heckscher-Ohlin’s foreign trade policy
Present your opinions on modern theories of foreign trade policy, indicating their advantages and disadvantages.
Draw the Mandell-Fleming model used in the analysis of open economics and explain its essence
Present your judgments about the factors of economic growth in developed countries and evaluate the key factors for the growth of the economy of Kazakhstan
Present your judgment of opportunity cost using a production possibilities curve and draw conclusions about the efficient state of the economy
Reveal the essence of the positive and negative consequences of crises. Give reasons for your answer
Explain the similarities and differences between market demand according to Hicks and Marshall
State criticisms of the Arrow-Debreu model. (Microeconomics advanced course)
Reveal the essence of the first and second laws of G. Gossen
Explain the relationship between the main functions of the market.
Give your opinion on the concept of diminishing marginal productivity, which has been proven in practice, although theoretically it has not been investigated
Draw conclusions about the relevance of determining the volume of production of average and marginal costs. Develop possible ways to reduce production costs
Please provide your opinion on the development of competition and, in particular, on the mechanisms for supporting and developing competition in Kazakhstan
Express your opinion regarding the contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth
Consider the conclusions made on the degree of market power of the firm based on the Lerner index.
Determine the methodology for calculating the Hirschmann-Herfindal index and explain the meaning
Comment on the basic idea of D. Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage and A. Smith’s theory of absolute advantages.
Present your critical point of view regarding the problems in measuring GDP and the accuracy of its estimates.
Formulate possible options for conclusions about inflation based on the GDP deflator
Assess the role of individual consumer spending and investment in increasing gross domestic product
From the point of view of «displacement problems» take a critical view of the negative consequences of the state’s fiscal policy.
In the event of a total supply shock, the State will adopt a stabilization policy. Explain the significance of this policy. Make a timetable. Generalize the effects of the stabilization policy of the State
Calculate the loss of Gross Domestic Product in Kazakhstan (underproduction) according to Okun’s law
Justify the features of the state’s fiscal policy and express your opinion on its effectiveness
Do you agree with J. M. Keynes’s “fundamental psychological law”? Give reasons for your answer
Justify the formation of the required reserves of the National Bank and their impact on the money supply by changing the required reserve ratio.
Draw up a conclusion about the National bank’s measure to change the rate that affects the money supply
Please provide your comments on the National Bank’s open market operations and their impact on the money market
State your opinions on the foreign trade policy of the state and critically evaluate its effectiveness
State your opinions about the features of the development of free trade and express your critical view of its shortcomings.
Justify the goals of the devaluation of the national currency and state your judgments about the positive and negative sides.
Describe the contribution of the state to the formation of the country’s total income.
Present your judgments about the main features of scientific research. Answer with examples
Formulate specific requirements for science as a knowledge system
Formulate options for obtaining new scientific results
State your opinion on the role and forms of human logical reasoning in scientific economic research.
Design a modern science policy
Present your judgments about the external foundations of the theory. Answer with examples
Draw conclusions on the advantages of the methodology of science
Justify the role of science in modern education
Rank the main methodological principles of scientific research in terms of their importance. Accompany your answer with examples.
Formulate the principles for selecting and evaluating factual material
Present your opinions on research approaches in economics. Answer with examples
Draw conclusions on general scientific methods of scientific research
Design an economic application of comparative analysis
Present your judgments regarding the application of social methods in statistical research
Present the main stages of planning a research project
Develop stages of economic event modelling
Present your judgments about the main types of models in the economy. Answer with examples
Formulate economic and mathematical research methods
State the difference between empirical and theoretical knowledge
Draw conclusions on the summary and grouping of data
Draw conclusions on research approaches
Draw conclusions on the application of comparative analysis in the economy
Structure and identify the relationship between key indicators in financial analysis models
Justify correlations in social production and their role in studying the relationship between economic phenomena and processes
Develop a framework for economic analysis
Draw conclusions on the main tasks of statistics at the present stage
Give examples of mean and relative values.
Develop the stages of statistical research
Present your judgments regarding the application of factor analysis in scientific research. Answer with examples
Present your judgments about the appropriateness of statistics as a means of obtaining information in the course of economic research. Answer with examples
Formulate the structural components of the theory of knowledge
Develop stages of forecasting scientific research using the “goal tree” method
Formulate a logical and methodological scheme as the main value of system analysis
Develop the stages of the systemic analysis process in the economy on the problem, define the principles of the systemic approach
Articulate the need for a science-based information base for economic research

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Темы эссе 8D04101 -Экономика